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It is the interdisciplinary study of human populations. Demography is the social characteristics of the population and its development over time. Demographic data relate, among others, the analysis of the population by age, family status, ethnic groups, economic activities and marital status of the population changes, births, marriages and deaths, life expectancy, migration statistics, their social and economic effects, levels of crime, education levels and other economic and social statistics.

Demography maintains three main parts:

1. Measurement: Quantification of population events.
2. The explanation: Analysis of causes and effects.
3. Phenomenology: Explanation of the variables.

The study population size:

An example of a measurement techniques is to analyze demographic population, the population basic equation is:

Population fundamental equation that can be written in different ways:

Initial Final Population = Population + Births - Deaths + Immigration - Emigration

Initial Final Population = Population + + Natural increase Net migration

Population Growth = Births - Deaths +  Migration